The page I am working on has a javascript function executed to print parts of the page. For some reason, printing in Safari, causes the window to somehow update. I say somehow, because it does not really refresh as in reload the page, but rather it starts the "rendering" of the page from start, i.e. scroll to top, flash animations start from 0, and so forth. The effect is reproduced by this fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/fYmnB/ Clicking the print button and finishing or cancelling a print in Safari causes the screen to "go white" for a sec, which in my real website manifests itself as something "like" a reload. While running print button with, let's say, Firefox, just opens and closes the print dialogue without affecting the fiddle page in any way. Is there something with my way of calling the browsers print method that causes this, or how can it be explained - and preferably, avoided? P.S.: On my real site the same occurs with Chrome. In the ex
This somewhat depends on what platform you are on. The most common way to do this is by printing ANSI escape sequences. For a simple example, here's some python code from the blender build scripts:
ReplyDeleteclass bcolors:
HEADER = '\033[95m'
OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
WARNING = '\033[93m'
FAIL = '\033[91m'
ENDC = '\033[0m'
def disable(self):
self.HEADER = ''
self.OKBLUE = ''
self.OKGREEN = ''
self.WARNING = ''
self.FAIL = ''
self.ENDC = ''
To use code like this, you can do something like
print bcolors.WARNING + "Warning: No active frommets remain. Continue?"
+ bcolors.ENDC
This will work on unix, linux including macOS, and window (provided you enable ansi.sys). There are ansi codes for setting the color, moving the cursor, and more.
If you are going to get complicated with this (and it sounds like you are if you are writing a game), you should look into the "curses" module, which handles a lot of the complicated parts of this for you. The Python Curses HowTO is a good introduction.
If you are not using extended ASCII (i.e. not on a PC), you are stuck with the ascii characters below 127, and '#' or '@' is probably your best bet for a block. If you can ensure your terminal is using a IBM extended ascii character set, you have many more options. Characters 176, 177, 178 and 219 are the "block characters".
Some modern text-based programs, such as "Dwarf Fortress", emulate text mode in a graphical mode, and use images of the classic PC font. You can find some of these bitmaps that you can use on the Dwarf Fortress Wiki see (user-made tilesets).
The Text Mode Demo Contest has more resources for doing graphics in text mode.
Hmm.. I think got a little carried away on this answer. I am in the midst of planning an epic text-based adventure game, though. Good luck with your colored text!
I'm surprised no one has mentioned the Python termcolor module. Usage is pretty simple:
ReplyDeletefrom termcolor import colored
print colored('hello', 'red'), colored('world', 'green')
It may not be sophisticated enough, however, for game programming and the "colored blocks" that you want to do...
You want to learn about ANSI escape sequences. Here's a brief example:
ReplyDeleteCSI="\x1B["
reset=CSI+"m"
print CSI+"31;40m" + "Colored Text" + CSI + "0m"
For more info see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
For a block character, try a unicode character like \u2588:
print u"\u2588"
Putting it all together:
print CSI+"31;40m" + u"\u2588" + CSI + "0m"
My favorite way is with the Blessings library (full disclosure: I wrote it). For example:
ReplyDeletefrom blessings import Terminal
t = Terminal()
print t.red('This is red.')
print t.bold_bright_red_on_black('Bright red on black')
To print colored bricks, the most reliable way is to print spaces with background colors. I use this technique to draw the progress bar in nose-progressive:
print t.on_green(' ')
You can print in specific locations as well:
with t.location(0, 5):
print t.on_yellow(' ')
If you have to muck with other terminal capabilities in the course of your game, you can do that as well. You can use Python's standard string formatting to keep it readable:
print '{t.clear_eol}You just cleared a {t.bold}whole{t.normal} line!'.format(t=t)
The nice thing about Blessings is that it does its best to work on all sorts of terminals, not just the (overwhelmingly common) ANSI-color ones. It also keeps unreadable escape sequences out of your code while remaining concise to use. Have fun!
On Windows you can use module 'win32console' (available in some Python distributions) or module 'ctypes' (Python 2.5 and up) to access the Win32 API.
ReplyDeleteTo see complete code that supports both ways, see the color console reporting code from Testoob.
ctypes example:
import ctypes
# Constants from the Windows API
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0004 # text color contains red.
def get_csbi_attributes(handle):
# Based on IPython's winconsole.py, written by Alexander Belchenko
import struct
csbi = ctypes.create_string_buffer(22)
res = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle, csbi)
assert res
(bufx, bufy, curx, cury, wattr,
left, top, right, bottom, maxx, maxy) = struct.unpack("hhhhHhhhhhh", csbi.raw)
return wattr
handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
reset = get_csbi_attributes(handle)
ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_RED)
print "Cherry on top"
ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, reset)
For windows you cannot print to console with colors unless your using the win32api.
ReplyDeleteFor linux its as simple as using print, with the escape sequences outlined here:
Colors
For the characther to print like a box, it really depends on what font you are using for the console window. The pound symbol works well, but it depends on the font:
#
Here's a curses example:
ReplyDeleteimport curses
def main(stdscr):
stdscr.clear()
if curses.has_colors():
for i in xrange(1, curses.COLORS):
curses.init_pair(i, i, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
stdscr.addstr("COLOR %d! " % i, curses.color_pair(i))
stdscr.addstr("BOLD! ", curses.color_pair(i) | curses.A_BOLD)
stdscr.addstr("STANDOUT! ", curses.color_pair(i) | curses.A_STANDOUT)
stdscr.addstr("UNDERLINE! ", curses.color_pair(i) | curses.A_UNDERLINE)
stdscr.addstr("BLINK! ", curses.color_pair(i) | curses.A_BLINK)
stdscr.addstr("DIM! ", curses.color_pair(i) | curses.A_DIM)
stdscr.addstr("REVERSE! ", curses.color_pair(i) | curses.A_REVERSE)
stdscr.refresh()
stdscr.getch()
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "init..."
curses.wrapper(main)
If you are programming a game you may would like to change the background color and use spaces only :)
ReplyDeleteyou may try something like
print " "+ "\033[01;41m" + " " +"\033[01;46m" + " " + "\033[01;42m"
For teh Google: now there is CLINT.
ReplyDeletefrom clint.textui import colored
print colored.red('some warning message')
print colored.green('nicely done!')
Get it from GitHub.
I wrote a simple module, available at:
ReplyDeletehttp://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorconsole
It works with Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
It uses ANSI for Linux and Mac, but native calls to console functions on Windows.
You have colors, cursor positioning and keyboard input. It is not a replacement for curses, but can be very useful if you need to use in simple scripts or ASCII games.
For the characters
ReplyDeleteYour terminal most probably uses Unicode (typically UTF-8 encoded) characters, so it's only a matter of the appropriate font selection to see your favorite character. Unicode char U+2588, "Full block" is the one I would suggest you use.
Try the following:
import unicodedata
fp= open("character_list", "w")
for index in xrange(65536):
char= unichr(index)
try: its_name= unicodedata.name(char)
except ValueError: its_name= "N/A"
fp.write("%05d %04x %s %s\n" % (index, index, char.encode("UTF-8"), its_name)
fp.close()
Examine the file later with your favourite viewer.
For the colors
curses is the module you want to use. Check this tutorial.
There's also a module called WConIO that does much the same thing. Unfortunately the author will probably not be able to build a Python 2.6 version any time soon.
ReplyDeleteGo to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters#Block_elements
ReplyDeleteThere is a list of block elements(It requires Unicode).
Or use ascii character 24 or 26.