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The characteristics of RIPv2 follow: - Distance-vector protocol. - Use UDP port 520. - Makes Automatic summarization on network Class boundary. - Classless protocol (supports VLSMs). - Have the power to shut the Auto-summarization And make a configured manual Summarization. - Supports VLSMs. - Metric is router hop count. - Maximum hop count is 15; infinite (unreachable) routes have a metric of 16. - Periodic route updates sent every 30 seconds to multicast address 224.0.0.9. - 25 routes per RIP message (24 if authentication is used). - Invalid route marked after 180 sec. - Flush timer is 280 sec. - Hold-down timer 180 sec. - Supports authentication. - Implements split horizon with poison reverse. - Implements triggered updates. - Subnet mask included in route entry. - Administrative distance for RIPv2 is 120. - Used in small, flat networks or at the edge of larger networks. RIPv2 Convergence The steps for RIPv2 convergence are as follows: 1- When the local router sees a connected route