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How the Application Layer Works

In the previous section we reviewed several aspects of the Transport Layer. We learned a great deal of information; covering sockets, ports, TCP, UDP, segments, and datagrams. Now we will take a look at the fourth and final layer of the TCP/IP stack: the Application Layer. What Does The Application Layer Do? A lot of newcomers to TCP/IP wonder why an Application Layer is needed, since the Transport Layer handles a lot of interfacing between the network and applications. While this is true, the Application Layer focuses more on network services, APIs, utilities, and operating system environments. If you know the TCP/IP stack and OSI model well enough, you’ll know that there are three OSI model layers that correspond to the TCP/IP Application Layer. By breaking the TCP/IP Application Layer into three separate layers, we can better understand what responsibilities the Application Layer actually has. The OSI Equivalent of the TCP/IP Application Layer 1. Application Layer - The sev